关于“哈马斯大规模强奸“，联合国加沙战争犯罪报告说了什么？

联合国人权高专办发布了针对以色列和哈马斯等巴勒斯坦抵抗组织的战争犯罪调查报告，其中，关于“哈马斯大规模强奸“，本篇尝试解读报告的主要内容：

1，联合国对“性暴力“进行了相当宽泛的定义。对女性的杀害，伤害，绑架，殴打，心理暴力统统被列入其中，包括被绑架的女性人质被强迫和男性共同乘坐摩托车，还有被辱骂“犹太母狗”等等。根据这样宽泛定义，委员会认为存在广泛的性暴力。

2，关于强奸问题，这是以色列一再指控的，也是西方主流媒体一直帮以色列宣传的，见报告第26条，无法核实无法核实无法核实，重要的事情说三遍。以色列和主流媒体一直说哈马斯强奸女性，而且是大规模强奸，证据确凿，但是不给核实，要核实就发火，就是“反犹“，别有用心；结果联合国调查说无法核实，还有一些联合国发现了，假的假的假的，再说三遍。

3，以色列已经拒绝了这个报告，因为这个报告确认了以色列和哈马斯等巴勒斯坦抵抗组织都有严重的战争犯罪，包括性暴力，以色列方面的性暴力还包括强奸；但是以色列之前对哈马斯的“强奸”指控被证明是说谎了。

4，以色列一定会继续利用这个“广泛的性暴力”进行搅浑水的宣传，毕竟大多数人是不会去看报告原文的。

5，再多说一句，关于这个报告的新闻稿，英文版的和中文版不一样，区别还不小。为什么，我也难以理解。有兴趣的可以自己去读一下，自己比较。

以下为联合国报告涉及性和基于性别的暴力（（Sexual and gender based violence））的章节。

D.SGBV

24.委员会发现有迹象表明，哈马斯军事派别和其他巴勒斯坦武装团体的成员于10月7日在以色列南部几个地点实施了基于性别的暴力。这些不是孤立的事件，而是由多名巴勒斯坦犯罪者在几个地点以类似的方式犯下的。委员会所记录的行为反映了男性犯罪者明显滥用权力，无视国际法所给予的特别考虑和保护妇女的完整和自主。

*委员会认为，“性暴力”一词涵盖了一系列针对某人的具有性性质的身体和非身体行为，或通过武力、或以武力或胁迫相威胁导致某人从事此类行为。

The Commission found indications that members of the military wing of Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups committed gender-based violence (GBV) in several locations in southern Israel on 7 October. These were not isolated incidents but perpetrated in similar ways in several locations and by multiple Palestinian perpetrators. The acts documented by the Commission reflected clear abuse of power by male perpetrators and a disregard for the special considerations and protection of women’s integrity and autonomy granted by international law.

*The Commission considers the term ‘sexual violence’ to cover a range of physical and non-physical acts of a sexual nature against a person or causing a person to engage in such an act, by force, or by threat of force or coercion.

25.哈马斯军方驳斥了所有有关其军队对以色列妇女实施性暴力的指控。 然而，该委员会记录了诺瓦节日地点内外对男女实施性暴力的案件，以及纳哈尔·奥兹(Nahal Oz)军事基地和几个基布兹(kibbutzim)，包括Kfar Aza、Re’im和近ir Oz。 它收集和保存了数字证据，包括受害者尸体的图像，显示了性暴力的迹象，这一模式得到了目击者的独立证词的证实。 委员会获得的可靠证人记录描述了在一些暴露生殖器的事件中脱衣的尸体。 委员会收到了关于限制妇女的报告和核实的数字证据，包括被绑在受害者背后的妇女的手和脚，往往是在他们被绑架或杀害之前。 此外，委员会还根据身体的位置进行评估，例如显示腿部伸展或弯曲的图像，以及身体上挣扎或暴力的迹象，如刺伤、烧伤、撕裂和擦伤。

Hamas military wing rejected all accusations that its forces committed sexual violence against Israeli women.19 However, the Commission documented cases indicative of sexual violence perpetrated against women and men in and around the Nova festival site, as well as the Nahal Oz military outpost and several kibbutzim, including Kfar Aza, Re’im and Nir Oz. It collected and preserved digital evidence, including images of victims’ bodies displaying indications of sexual violence, a pattern corroborated by independent testimonies from witnesses. Reliable witness accounts obtained by the Commission describe bodies that had been undressed, in some incidents with exposed genitals. The Commission received reports and verified digital evidence concerning the restraining of women, including hands and sometimes feet  of women being bound, often behind the victims’ backs, prior to their abduction or killing. Additionally, the Commission made assessments based on the position of the body, for example images displaying legs spread or bent over, and signs of struggle or violence on the body, such as stab wounds, burns, lacerations and abrasions.

26.委员会审查了记者和以色列警察所取得的关于强奸的证词，但由于无法接触受害者、证人和犯罪现场以及以色列当局阻挠其调查，委员会无法独立核实这些指控。委员会无法审查这些证词未经编辑的文本。出于同样的原因，委员会也无法核实关于性折磨和生殖器切割的报告。此外，委员会发现一些具体指控是虚假的、不准确的或与其他证据或陈述相矛盾的，因此在其评估中不予考虑。

The Commission has reviewed testimonies obtained by journalists and the Israeli police concerning rape but has not been able to independently verify such allegations, due to a lack of access to victims, witnesses and crime sites and the obstruction of its investigations by the Israeli authorities. The Commission was unable to review the unedited version of such testimonies. For the same reasons, the Commission was also unable to verify reports of sexualized torture and genital mutilation. Additionally, the Commission found some specific allegations to be false, inaccurate or contradictory with other evidence or statements and discounted these from its assessment.

27.平民妇女在被绑架期间或试图逃跑时被武装分子蓄意杀害，包括在Be 'eri、Mefalsim、Nir Oz和Nova地点附近。委员会用经过核实的数字录像记录了三起这样的案件，显示妇女在试图逃跑时被近距离射杀。

Civilian women were deliberately killed by militants during their abduction or while trying to escape, including in Be’eri, Mefalsim, Nir Oz and close to the Nova site. The Commission has documented three such cases with verified digital footage, showing that women were shot at close range while trying to escape.

28.10月7日，90名妇女和女孩被绑架到加沙。 委员会记录了在这些绑架过程中发生的身体和心理暴力。 许多绑架活动都被拍摄下来，妇女被放在包括摩托车在内的车辆的后面，带到加沙;采取武力、威胁武力或对暴力的恐惧。 被绑架者被迫坐在离绑架者很近的地方，在他们被绑架期间拍摄下来，在几起案件中，两名男子被安置在一辆小型摩托车上，迫使他们与绑架者保持亲密关系。 被绑架者描述了她们在被绑架过程中如何遭受身体和心理暴力，被视为“战利品”或“物品”，或被称为”犹太母狗“等侮辱。 该委员会发现，这种基于性别的犯罪对女性的影响不协调，并记录了许多基于相同模式的案件，包括集体农场和诺瓦音乐节。

Ninety women and girls were abducted to Gaza on 7 October. The Commission documented the physical and psychological violence in the process of several of these abductions. Many abductions were filmed, with women placed on the back of vehicles including motorbikes and brought to Gaza; acts committed with force, threat of force or the fear of violence. The abductees were forced to sit very close to their abductors and filmed during their abduction, in several cases placed between two men on a small motorbike, forcing them to coerced intimacy with their abductors. Female abductees have described how they were subjected to physical and psychological violence in the course of their abductions, being treated as “trophies” or “objects” or subjected to insults such as Jewish female dog. The Commission found that women were disproportionallyaffected by this type of gender-based crime and documented many cases with the same pattern, from both kibbutzim and the Nova festival.

29.女性和女性的身体被男性犯罪者用作胜利的战利品。对妇女的绑架、暴力和羞辱被公开展示，或在加沙的街道上和/或通过记录妇女的尸体或犯罪行为并在网上发布用于宣传目的。委员会在许多地方查明了这类基于性别的犯罪，妇女是主要目标，但不是唯一目标。

Women and women’s bodies were used as victory trophies by male perpetrators. The abduction, violence and humiliation of women were put on public display, either on the streets of Gaza and/or by recording the bodies of women or the acts of the crime and publishing it online for propaganda purposes. This type of gender-based crime was identified by the Commission in many locations, women being the primary but not the only target. 

30.委员会记录了对男性和女性身体的亵渎，包括脱衣和/或部分脱衣在公共场所展示等性行为。在一些案件中，受害者赤裸的尸体被展示出来作为羞辱和不尊重的手段，而这些行为被拍摄下来并传播出去。武装分子在加沙街头与尸体合影，拍摄视频和照片，侵犯了死者的个人尊严。

The Commission documented the desecration of both male and female bodies, including sexual acts such as undressing the body and/or displaying it partially undressed in public. In several cases the victims' undressed bodies were displayed as a means of humiliation and disrespect, while these acts were filmed and disseminated. Militants posed with bodies in the streets of Gaza and in videos and photos, violating the personal dignity of the dead persons.